06 February 2004

U.S. Efforts to End Human Trafficking, February 5, 2004

(A summary of action on several fronts)

The U.S. Department of State issued a fact sheet February 6 citing a number of achievements in the government's efforts to combat human trafficking and the sexual exploitation of children.

The following terms are used in the text:

DoD: Department of Defense

ECPAT: End Child Prostitution, Child Pornography and the Trafficking of Children for Sexual Purposes, a global network of nongovernmental organizations

TIP: Trafficking in Persons

Following is the fact sheet:
(begin fact sheet)

U.S. Department of State
Fact Sheet
Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons
Washington, DC
February 5, 2004

Recent Developments in U.S. Government Efforts to End Human Trafficking

Human trafficking denies hundreds of thousands of people their basic human rights, poses a serious public health risk, and fuels organized crime around the world. It is a dark and uncomfortable subject, but one that must be illuminated.

The United States has taken significant action to combat trafficking in persons, including trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation.

-- In April 2003, the PROTECT Act was signed into law by President Bush. This bill serves as a historic milestone for protecting children while severely punishing those who victimize young people. The PROTECT Act allows law enforcement officers to prosecute Americans who travel abroad to abuse minors, without having to prove prior intent to commit illicit crimes. This bill also makes clear there is no statute of limitations for crimes involving the abduction or physical or SEXUAL abuse of a child in virtually all cases. The bill also strengthens laws punishing offenders who travel abroad to prey on children (sex tourism). These U.S. tourists are now subject to domestic child abuse/child exploitation laws even if their crimes are committed abroad, and they face up to 30 years imprisonment, from a previous maximum of 15 years.

-- In December 2003, President Bush reauthorized the Trafficking Victims Protection Act, which accelerates our global work against modern-day slavery in a number of ways:

+ Provides new tools for addressing destination countries that may be turning a blind eye to trafficking, especially the abuse of foreign women.

+ Makes convictions and sentencing of traffickers as important as arrests in evaluating country progress.

+ Requires better statistical monitoring, giving us access to critical law enforcement data related to trafficking.

+ Creates a Watch List of countries weakening their commitment to prosecute traffickers, prevent abuse, and protect victims.

-- President Bush has made the fight against slavery an American priority. In a September 2003 speech he made to the United Nations, President Bush called slavery, "A special evil in the abuse and exploitation of the most innocent..." He declared: "Those who patronize this industry debase themselves and deepen the misery of others." Governments that tolerate this trade are tolerating a form of slavery. The president committed $50 million to support the global fight against human trafficking.

-- The U.S. is actively partnering with other nations to combat this transnational crime, providing assistance to trafficking victims and striving to highlight the dangers of sex tourism and trafficking. Nearly $93.5 million in U.S. government funding was devoted to anti-trafficking activities worldwide in FY 2003.

-- Our progress is real, and the fight is occurring on many fronts:

+ After 15 countries were ranked in Tier 3 (the lowest category of a 1-3 scale) in the State Department's annual Trafficking in Persons Report, 10 took swift action to combat trafficking: passing national anti-trafficking legislation, instituting law enforcement training, engaging in public education, and making arrests.

o In FY02 and FY03, over $54 M in assistance was provided to more than 70 countries to strengthen anti-trafficking law enforcement, victim support, legislation, and regional cooperation.

+ Tackling trafficking at home, the Justice Department has arrested eight U.S. citizens abroad for illegal sexual conduct with minors since May 2003. In FY 2001- 2003, 111 traffickers have been charged, nearly a three-fold increase compared to those charged in the previous three years. As of January 2004, the Criminal Section has 142 open trafficking investigations.

o Sentencing expected in the largest anti-trafficking case in U.S. history: a Korean garment factory owner and two others were convicted in Hawaii of enslaving over 250 Vietnamese and Chinese workers in American Samoa.

+ The Department of Health and Human Services certified 448 victims of trafficking as of September 30, 2003 allowing them to receive services to the same extent as refugees.

o HHS is currently developing a public outreach campaign to boost awareness of assistance available to victims. The target audience is local police and health practitioners.

+ The Department of Labor has increased the focus worldwide on illegal child trafficking and work exploitation, dispersing nearly $48 million for this purpose in 27 countries.

o Labor Secretary Chao recently traveled to Africa to meet victims of child trafficking and highlight new efforts to expose child labor.

+ The Department of Defense Office of the Inspector General completed two assessments of U.S. military compliance with the Administration's zero tolerance policy on activity that might fuel sex trafficking and prostitution in Korea and Bosnia/Kosovo. In early 2004, DoD issued a directive that outlines specific objectives, including anti-trafficking education requirements for all service members and DoD civilians.

o New language is being adopted in DoD contracts for services overseas making trafficking-related prohibitions crystal clear.

+ The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) launched Operation Predator last summer, a comprehensive effort to protect children from international sex tourists, traffickers, and prostitution rings using the full range of cyber, intelligence, investigative, and detention tools. Arrests have already been the result.

o Partnering with World Vision and ECPAT, DHS is putting law enforcement muscle behind the best efforts of international NGOs.

+ The U.S. Agency for International Development implements anti-trafficking programs in over 40 countries supporting a wide range of anti-trafficking efforts including public education, victim protection through shelters and counseling, and legislative reform to strengthen prosecution of trafficking criminals.

+ The Central Intelligence Agency has collected and coded new information, compiling a database for the 2004 TIP report.

(end fact sheet)